Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Child Trafficking In Nigeria Social Work Essay

Child Trafficking In Nigeria Social Work Essay Human trafficking in Nigeria has been one of the greatest problem in Nigerian history. Human trafficking can be traced to the period colonialism when human beings are been traded for mere commodities to the Europeans, to help them in their plantations in their own country. Due to the abolishment of slave trade in Nigeria by 1885-1950, the act of human trafficking was reduced and some few years later they started child trafficking since the children are more vulnerable. Child trafficking is a form of human trafficking that involves the transportation, harbouring, receiving ,recruitment of children in the purpose of exploitation. The issue of child domestic labour is very complex and problematic. Domestic child labourers are among the most invisible child labourers. The number of children exploited in private households is unknown because of the hidden nature of the work. Many of these children are girls and in many countries domestic service is seen as the only employment option a girl might have. Children exploited in domestic service are paid little or nothing, are malnourished, are very vulnerable to further abuse and exploitation, and do not go to school. However, because child domestic workers are employed within an informal family environment, they cannot be integrated as a professional group within conventional working systems because such integration would presuppose an acceptance of the idea of child domestic labour. At the same time, without legal initiatives, it is difficult to combat child domestic labour. Furthermore, the terms, norms and standards to regulate the employment of children are lack ing because children work in a largely invisible domain outside law and the public sphere and their domestic labour cannot be integrated under normal labour laws. Although the final goal of all laws should be the prevention and elimination of child domestic labour, it is acknowledged right at the outset that this is a long term goal. In the interim, there is a need to accept that children do, and will continue, to work until effective alternatives make it unnecessary for them to work. In the meantime, the best interest of the child principle together with the notion of the child as a rights holder should guide any lawmaking on child domestic work. Law and policy reform can play a powerful constitutive and transformative role in improving and changing the lives of both the girl child and male child domestic worker; however, in envisioning workplace and domestic arrangements it is important to see that sex stereotypes are not reinforced. Just as much as law has the profound power to p revent and regulate domestic labour, it has the power to reinforce it by creating loopholes through which employers can continue to hire child domestic workers. Laws can often spark social change only if they are translated into action. In drafting new laws or revising existing laws, child domestic labour should be seen in the context of historic sex discrimination. There is an apparent tension when laws and policies are blind to the differences between the girl child domestic worker and the male child domestic worker such as the girl childs weak bargaining position and low status, which increases her vulnerability to coercion by her family and employer. Child trafficking in Nigeria is something the government has not really put enough effort to ensure that child trafficking is reduced or eradicated this is due to the lapse (corruption) of the whole government system because most of the child traffickers are top government officials and this makes it very difficult to investigate any problem that has to do with child trafficking. According to a research carried out by United nation children fund (unicef) say the average age of children been trafficked in Nigeria is around 15years but the age varies, especially with girls and also it says 60-80% of girls in the sex trade outside the country are in Italy (over 700 in Italy while Belgium and Holland is experiencing an upsurge in the number of Nigerian girls. On the average About 10 children pass Nigerian borders daily originating from fostering and extended family system. Children that are been trafficked has so many reasons which include domestic help, prostitution these are especially for girls while boys are used as scavengers, car washing, bus conducting, drug peddling and farming. Child trafficking has so many effects on both the child and the country. Trafficking of migrant children has unquestionably affected individual children and their communities in various immediate and long term ways. It sometimes endangers the childrens lives. The obvious impacts of child trafficking often mentioned is on deteriorating their education, physical and mental development. Moreover, the trafficked migrant children are disempowered in many ways. They are in the foreign country with foreign customs and foreign language. They are transported and sold or deceived as bonded labour, treated like property, and work under slavery-like conditions. Whenever they feel depressed, or suffering, or face difficulties, or are tortured, commonly they have no one they can turn to as they tend to live in isolated areas. Even if they have a chance to seek help, they often do not know where to go or what to do or whom to ask because they are illegal migrants and are afraid of police. In some c ircumstances, they may encounter racism from the police, authorities, and general people among whom may be their own employers. A major result of child trafficking can be loss of lives, increasing prevalence of STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) including HIV/AIDS, increase in violence and crime rate, increased school drop-out, impaired child development, poor national image and massive deportation of Nigerians especially girls. And also, There are diverse reasons why many Nigerian children are vulnerable to trafficking, including widespread poverty, large family size, rapid urbanization with deteriorating public services, low literacy levels and high school-drop out rates The demand for cheap commercial sex workers in countries of destination strongly contributes to the growth of this phenomenon and the success of this criminal network. Parents with a large family, often overburdened with the care of too many children, are prone to the traffickers deceit in giving away some of their children to city residents or even strangers promising a better life for them. Traffickers exploit the trust of people rooted in a widespread, culturally accepted common practice in West Africa of placement and fostering as part of the extended family safety net. In some instances, desperately poor and uninformed parents willingly co-operate with the traffickers, giving away their children in exchange for a small fee. In the hands of unscrupulous guardians, these children are increasingly trafficked and exploited for money. But All hope is not lost as every problem has a solution. The government can still curb this evil practice in order to save children and the good name of the country. Firstly, government should provide free education in every government owned school in the country from the nursery to the secondary level so that parents will have no excuse of giving out their children to strangers in the pretext of taking them to learn new sill in new environment. Secondly, government should pay workers salaries at the end of each month because they have personal bills to foot; children to cater for and they depend solely on their salaries. Thirdly, the parliamentary arm of the government should make and amend law that all Nigerian families should not have more than 3 children and any found to go against the law would be punished because one of the causes of child trafficking in Nigeria is the inability of parents to cater for so many children. Also, government should make laws for children against child abuse and intimidation which should be strictly adhered to. Last but not the least, government should come to an agreement with leaders of other countries that any Nigerian child suspected to be abused or trafficked should be rescued and the trafficker, punished. In an effort   aimed at battling child trafficking within Nigeria and the sub-region, Nigeria and the government of Benin Republic have signed a memorandum of understanding to co-operate in the   area of prevention of child trafficking as well as the repatriation of offenders to countries of origin for prosecution. Executive Secretary of National Agency for the Prohibition of Traffic in Persons and Other Related Matters(NAPTIP), Mrs. Carol Ndaguba disclosed this at a one-day workshop on Anti Child Trafficking Network Project in Nigeria held at the UN House Abuja. According to her, Nigeria and the government of Italy, United Kingdom and Spain also have understandings on joint initiative on modalities for prevention of child trafficking and slavery, adding that the Italian government as well as UNICEF have been providing huge financial and capacity building support to the agency in carrying out its task. On the issue of house-help or domestic servants in the country, NAPTIP Executive Secretary regretted that the phenomenon had been exploited by traffickers to batter, sexually or emotionally traumatize victims, adding that the so called syndrome must now come to an end. She identified the challenges faced by the network project to include   expansion of the network from 22 states to 36, sustaining awareness campaign at the state and community levels, and capacity building of the state working groups. In her remark, Deputy Country Representative of UNICEF, Barbara Reynold said that although the anti-trafficking agency was already doing a lot to put an end to the menace of human trafficking, more needs to be done in the area of conscientisation and increased awareness by   a broader section of society.

Monday, January 20, 2020

Illinois Michigan Canal is Responsible for Chicagos Size Essay

"Didn't expect no town" -Early Chicago Settler Mark Beaubien The I & M Canal is universally considered the driving force behind the huge surge of growth that turned the tiny settlement on the banks of Lake Michigan named Chicago, in to a huge metropolis and bustling center of trade. Ever since Joliet first crossed the portage between the Chicago River and the Des Plaines River in 1673, explorers, investors, politicians, and farmers alike all agreed that constructing a canal across the continental divide could benefit them greatly. The canal would connect the two largest water systems in the United States, creating a continuous waterway between New York and New Orleans, but more importantly, place Chicago on perhaps the most valuable piece of real estate in North America and in the position to become an international city almost overnight. The plans to build the Illinois & Michigan canal began in the newly started Illinois legislature in 1818. It was driven forward by the new construction on the Erie Canal in New York. Once the Erie Canal was complete only a canal between the Des Plaines and Chicago rivers would be necessary to complete the chain of waterways connecting New York to New Orleans. In 1822, Congress gave Illinois a large portion of land on which to not only build the canal, but to sell to raise funds for its construction. The land contained the portage between the two rivers and about 100 miles of land to the south and west of it. It had just recently been coercively and dishonestly purchased from the local Blackhawk Indians in a treaty that ended the Blackhawk War. As soon as the Erie Canal was completed in 1825, eastern investors quickly realized Chicago's huge potential. The land around what would one ... ...ys to twelve days. The canal remained a profitable enterprise until the year 1866 when the newly completed railroad system proved to be a cheaper and more efficient alternative. Use of the canal did not disappear however until around 1900 when it began to fall into disrepair. The final deathblow to the Illinois & Michigan came when the big, wider, and deeper Illinois Waterway was completed in 1933. However, though no longer in commercial use, the Illinois & Michigan canal remains as a source of recreation and will forever be remembered as the spark responsible for Chicago's leap to prominence. In 1833 the population of the newly incorporated town of Chicago was 250 people, by 1854, only 20 years later, the population had swelled to over 75 thousand. The city of Chicago had ascended from a tiny trading outpost to a thriving metropolis at an unprecedented speed.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

The Use of Humor in Richard III by Shakespeare

There is no doubt that Shakespeare was the author of great pieces of literature during an interesting time period. Given the circumstances, he was indeed mastering his craft during a very tumultuous juncture in British history. When one reads Richard III, they don’t necessarily have to know a great deal about the War of Roses to understand that there is some serious strife going on. However, if the reader takes some time to understand this fascinating string of events, the story of Richard and his fall becomes much more interesting. In all of his brilliance, Shakespeare manages to toy with the idea of humor in this very morose play. As a matter of fact, he does this in many, if not all of his tragedies. However, few may match the juxtaposition of humor with the macabre in Richard III. After a reading of this play, one may ask, â€Å"how does Shakespeare use humor in this play? † The answer to that would be: in a few different ways. However, no matter which was he uses humor; the end result will be a perfectly balanced dialogue that is witty and snappy. First, the reader is introduced to the play’s protagonist, Richard. His opening lines are incredibly captivating, but they come to an abrupt halt when his brother Clarence approaches. Already, the audience is let in on Richards â€Å"dirty little secret† that tells us he wants to become king, and will kill anyone who stands in his way. Unfortunately for Clarence, he is in the way. However, the reader would be keen to notice that Richard is a manipulative satirist. He constantly uses humor and ridicule to expose the stupidity or even naivety of others around him. In the very first scene, Clarence is being led up to the tower by guards, which is all part of Richard’s master plan. When Richard asks about the situation, he is sympathetic and angry. At this point, the reader gains some insight to what kind of person Richard is, and may even see a slight hint of humor in the situation. Indirectly, the audience is almost spoken to in an aside type of manner. Readers of the play know full well what is going on, and the gullible nature of the unsuspecting murdered-to-be is funny. Again, in Act I, scene ii, the reader sees Richard interact with Anne. It is pointed out that he has killed her husband, and as the story unfolds, the reader can tell that she is not too happy about this. However, an argument ensues, and Richard manages to woo Anne. The exchange is full of colorful language and snappy wit, the kind Shakespeare is so good at. However, the best part of this exchange of words occurs at the end of the scene, when Richard states, â€Å"Was ever woman in this humor wooed? /Was ever woman in this manner won? † (ll 234-235) Obviously, the word humor in this sense is not how modern readers would understand it. However, the way the scene unfolded, and the way that Richard is pleased with himself is humorous, even if it’s the, â€Å"ha-ha, you think you’re hot stuff† kind of humor. In the following scene, members of the nobility are arguing over status. While some readers may find the exchanges between all of them to be funny because they are acting like children, the true humor lies in the false poise of Queen Margaret in her asides. While some of the members argue, she puts her two cents in, and then steps forward. The dialogue gets snappy and heated, but takes a sharp break when this part of the exchange comes: â€Å"Margaret. /Richard/Ha! /I call thee not! /I cry thee mercy, then, for I did think/ That thou hadst called me all those bitter names. /Why, so did I, but looked for no reply. (ll 236-241) The reader can imagine this exchange of dialogue taking place on stage, careening back and forth, until a little humor breaks it. However, the dialogue picks up again, and the bitterness continues. After she exits, they all talk to each other, pretty much asking, â€Å"what the heck was that all about? The next scene also has some prime examples of humor in this play. Here, two murderers are sent to kill Clarence. The text is so rich in indirectly describing the demeanor of these two, and the reader undoubtedly chuckles when reading the dialogue between the two of them. Primarily, the reader sees this in lines 110-115: â€Å"I’ll go back to the duke of Gloucester and tell him so. / Please, just wait a minute. I’m hoping my holy mood will pass. / It usually only lasts about twenty seconds. / How are you feeling now? / Actually, I’m still feeling some pangs of conscience. Even in modern times, the idea of a conscience coming and going instead of being unwavering is funny. Even funnier is the thief being aware of this, and saying, â€Å"hang on, it’ll pass†, as if his holy conscience were a case of bad gas or something like that. Further on, the two murderers talk about conscience, and how nobody would listen to it even if it flew out of a wallet. Of course, no Shakespeare play would be complete without the use of puns. Shakespeare uses this type of humor as a witty way to keep the dialogue fresh and flowing. The reader gets a taste of these funny little bits as early as the first act and first scene, when Brakenbury starts, â€Å"With this, my lord, myself have naught to do. / Naught to do with Mistress Shore? I tell thee, fellow, / He that doth naught with her, excepting one, / Were best he do it secretly, alone. / (ll 97-100) The reader sees Richard use a play on the word ‘naught’. Brakenbury seems to use it for a common meaning, â€Å"nothing†. However, Richard being as dirty minded and witty as he is, uses the word as ‘copulate’ or ‘naughty’. So, he implies that there should only be one guy having sex with Mrs. Shore, and that everyone ought to keep their sexual business to themselves. Shakespeare is using humor for the sake of it right here, but he also allows the reader to see the quick-thinking side of Richard. This really solidifies the image of Richard as an evil, two-faced person. Again, Shakespeare uses puns in the scene with Anne as well: O, cursed be the hand that made these holes; / Cursed the heart that had the heart to do it; / Cursed the blood that let this blood from hence. (ll 13-15) And yet again, the reader sees a subtle use of the pun in act I, scene I when Richard says, â€Å" Well, your imprisonment shall not be long, / I will deliver you, or else lie for you. / (ll 114-115) Here, Shakespeare lets the audience in on the little joke that only Richard and those who are reading know. The word lie to Clarence means, â€Å"Go to prison† or â€Å"stay in prison†. However, the reader knows for certain that Richard means lie as in ‘deceive’. And deceive he will, as this is his whole purpose in the play. Throughout the play, readers are reminded that this is a gruesome story about a man and his tragic flaws. Perhaps this man Richard even fell from grace, but he’d have to have grace to begin with. Shakespeare does a good job of infusing humor in the most fitting ways by characterizing Richard as a satirist and excellently deceiving linguist. Also, Shakespeare uses humor in sharp, brisk dialogue between characters to demonstrate ideas such as lack of conscience and close-mindedness. Again, while there may be humor in other Shakespeare tragedies, none may be able to balance out the storyline as well as it was done in Richard III.

Friday, January 3, 2020

The Third Punic War and Carthago Delenda Est

By the end of the Second Punic War (the war where Hannibal and his elephants crossed the Alps), Roma (Rome) so hated Carthage that she wanted to destroy the north African urban center. The story is told that when the Romans finally got to take revenge, after they won the Third Punic War, they salted the fields so the Carthaginians could no longer live there. This is an example of urbicide.   Carthago Delenda Est! By 201 B.C., the end of the Second Punic War, Carthage no longer had its empire, but it was still a shrewd trading nation. By the middle of the second century, Carthage was thriving and it was hurting the trade of those Romans who had investments in North Africa. Marcus Cato, a respected Roman senator, began to clamor Carthago delenda est! Carthage must be destroyed! Carthage Breaks the Peace Treaty Meanwhile, African tribes neighboring Carthage knew that according to the peace treaty between Carthage and Rome that had concluded the Second Punic War, if Carthage overstepped the line drawn in the sand, Rome would interpret the move as an act of aggression. This offered daring African neighbors some impunity. These neighbors took advantage of this reason to feel secure and made hasty raids into the Carthaginian territory, knowing their victims couldnt pursue them. Eventually, Carthage became fed up. In 149 B.C., Carthage got back into armor and went after the Numidians. Rome declared war on the grounds that Carthage had broken the treaty. Although Carthage didnt stand a chance, the war was drawn out for three years. Eventually, a descendant of Scipio Africanus, Scipio Aemilianus, defeated the starved citizens of the besieged city of Carthage. After killing or selling all the inhabitants into slavery, the Romans razed (possibly salting the land) and burned the city. No one was allowed to live there. Carthage had been destroyed: Catos chant had been carried out. Primary Sources on the Third Punic War Polybius 2.1, 13, 36; 3.6-15, 17, 20-35, 39-56; 4.37. Livy 21. 1-21.Dio Cassius 12.48, 13.Diodorus Siculus 24.1-16.

Thursday, December 26, 2019

Discussing Diversity And Diversity On Campus Through Your...

Discussing diversity and inclusivity, specifically in the context of a university, is an extremely hard subject to broach. It can be sensitive for some, or even difficult to acknowledge for others. However, it is one of many subjects that, while difficult, is also equally as important to discuss. And when it is discussed in a manner that acknowledges its importance while being conscience of its sensitive nature, it can be truly beneficial and enlightening to the reader, which I believe you’ve accomplished extremely well. I would first like to take a closer look at how you refer to diversity on campus through your article. You describe it as something we as a society view only as a number or statistic, as a way for an organization to be able to make the claim that they are not â€Å"involved with the specter of racism.† You also make the claim that because of diversity being viewed as a number, it gives organizations a way to avoid combating circumstances and actions of racism by presenting a statistic of diversity that, upon closer inspection, really has no correlation to racism. I think these points a very legitimate. Collegefactual.com lists SIUC as being above the national average of ethnic diversity, yet this tells us nothing about instances of racism occurring on campus. However, you focus a lot on how this view of diversity being reduced to a number affects organizations and how these organizations may incorrectly use this perspective to combat the idea of racism existingShow MoreRelatedLeadership Qualities Of A Leader1687 Words   |  7 Pagesto what a leader should be like, but what exactly makes a leader a LEADER? Who is capable of leading and why is it important? In my paper, I will be discussing 5 leadership qualities that are essential for a leader to possess, as well as the role of leadership, characteristics that make a successful leader, examples of leadership, and how diversity plays a significant role in leadership today. As the society increases globally and diversely, it is imperative to have leaders who are able to cooperateRead MoreRacism And Racism Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesWhite privilege and acts of racism are just as pervasive on a college campus as in any other environment. 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Wednesday, December 18, 2019

A Brief Note On The And Academic Integrity - 1993 Words

Ethicality and Academic Integrity The claim is made, frequently, that failures of academic integrity (we shall soon discuss the proper terminology) are not, strictly speaking, unethical. This claim is made on a variety of foundations. Some will claim that as they are customers and the university their contractor, it is up to them to dictate the terms of their relationship, that is, because they are the ones paying money, it is up to them to decide how they should interact with the university. Others will claim that they are not really hurting anyone (usually defining â€Å"anyone† as their fellow students) or that the harm they inflict is sufficiently minor as to be negligible. Still others may claim that they are doing the best they can to ensure their survival within a broken system, and that the brokenness of the higher education system is sufficient ethical grounds for subverting that very system. 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Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Mixed Martial Arts and B.c. Boxing free essay sample

Boxing is one of the oldest sports to ever be played. It can be traced as far back as the Ancient Greeks, who participated in it as early Olympic Games back in 668 B. C. Boxing is a martial art and combat sport in which two people engage in a combination of strength, reflexes, and endurance by throwing punches at the opponent. Ever since boxing originated, there has been health issues with the sport. Boxing can result in health issues such as head trauma, brain damage, bodily injury, and future health concerns. Boxing also creates social issues, which include making people injure others for money, no sufficient medical care, and the prevention of injury, not just the treatment. The number of injuries and other risks associated with boxing outweigh the rewards of the sport; therefore, a ban on boxing and all similar sports is necessary. Boxing is one of the most popular sports in the United States, and has been that way for over five decades. We will write a custom essay sample on Mixed Martial Arts and B.c. Boxing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For as long as the sport has been popular, there has been many injuries to go along with it. Multiple hits to the head over the years can take a toll on someone’s body. Boxers who have been participating in this sport since they were children exhibit the most dramatic symptoms. One of the greatest boxers of all time, Muhammad Ali, now suffers from Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s is often associated with constant head trauma, over a prolonged time. Diagnosed in 1984, Ali is thought to have sustained too many blows to the head during his career, leading to his fight with Parkinson’s. Boxing is not the only sport that causes these types of injuries, different fighting sports have nothing but harmful effects on participants. Boxing is still the main sporting event when it comes to combat sports. There are also many different sports that are similar in nature to boxing. Kickboxing includes hand to hand combat and well placed kicks to the body. Mixed martial arts, or MMA, is a Staunton 2 sport that combines boxing, kickboxing, jiu-jitsu, wrestling, and grappling. In many countries, such as Sweden, boxing has been banned for over forty years. Even though boxing is banned, many Swedes enjoy the sport of MMA now. President of the Swedish MMA Federation, George Sallfeldt, tells Telegraph Online, â€Å"MMA is growing rapidly. We have new gyms joining the federation every week† (Davies). Mixed martial arts is a growing phenomenon around the entire world. Many of today’s champions are from countries and continents such as Canada, France, Brazil, United States, Japan, and Africa. A number of schools have also taken boxing out of their physical education and athletic curriculum. A grade school principal in Africa, Dan Tamwesigire, does not see boxing as safe enough to allow in his school. He explains, Unless I get a clear explanation on the mental effects of boxing to these young men and women, I will scrap it from the schools calendar (Were). Many principals and educators are unsure with the health risks that this sport poses. They do not want their students to have permanent damage due to a sport in their school. All of these sports are equally as dangerous when it comes to health concerns for the participants. Health care providers suggest that even though boxing is bad for one’s health, MMA is even worse when it comes to injury. Many doctors suggest a ban on boxing and all its similar sports, mainly for health reasons. Doctor Nasir Jetha exclaimed to The Huffington Post, â€Å"The purpose of this activity is to inflict harm to inflict damage. We need stronger legislation! This sport should be banned† (B. C. Doctors Call). The objectives of all of these sports is to cause harm to the opponent. Staunton 3 People around the world believe that the intentional harm of another person is barbaric and should be banned completely. They do not want athletes getting paid to inflict damage to one another human being. There are many adverse effects of boxing, kickboxing, MMA, and other sports around the world. One of the biggest effects is the brain damage that these sports can cause to a person. The author of a British Medical Journal Lancet claims, â€Å"The most predictable and permanent reward is chronic brain damage† (WIlford). Doctors found that chronic brain damage was prevalent among boxers around the world. Most of the effects that boxing and other martial arts have on the body are permanent. Dr. Nelson Richards tells the American Medical News There is absolutely no way you can make boxing safe (Elliot). Medical doctors know first hand the effects on the body, and they conclude that boxing and other combat sports cause nothing but harm to a person. If boxing is not banned, doctors suggest that there should be precautions to make the sport safer. Doctor Teresa DeFreitas told The Huffington Post that â€Å"If you just completely ban it, I’m concerned that it would go underground or go elsewhere and there would be no opportunity for medical intervention† (Cheadle). With this in mind, new policies for checking the boxer’s health before, during, and after the fight would be very beneficial to the fighters. Doctors would also have the power to stop any fight they deem necessary, if too much physical damage is done. Once the brain tissue has been lost, there is no way to ever get that tissue back. Studies performed on boxers and former boxers show that more than half of the observed subjects had some form of brain damage. Scientist Sanna Neselius proclaims, Our study shows that after bouts, Staunton 4 some of the boxers had elevated concentrations of four different proteins in the brain fluid, which all signal damage to the brains nerve cells. Moreover, two of the proteins were still elevated after a period of rest (Study: Olympic Boxing). With advances in technology, people can now see the real effects that boxing has on the brain and nerves around the body. Many of these proteins mentioned can be found in neurological illness such as Alzheimer’s Disease or Parkinson’s Disease. Many high institutions and schools have also banned the sport of boxing and MMA. The State of New York has a complete ban on MMA. In 1997, New York passed legislation that stated MMA would no longer be participated in. Many advocates for MMA suggest that the state is discriminating against the entire sport of MMA. Co-owner of the UFC, Lorenzo Fertitta, responds, Every martial art is legal in New York, boxing, kickboxing, jiu-jitsu you can hold events in every one of them. Its kind of discriminating that you cant hold ours, when its just a mix of those. We think were being singled out† (Okamoto). Supporters of the legalization of MMA suggest that the law is outdated and unlawful. They say the sport has changed and is now safer for the competitors. John Ioannou, who is a fight promoter, says that Its old outdated legislation written by people who believe women should stay at home and look after children (O’Dwyer). A bill to legalize MMA has been passed through legislature, but it failed to make it to the Assembly Floor. There are many advocates for the sports of boxing and MMA. People suggest that these sports would help the community. The advocates for MMA suggest that this sport, as opposed to boxing, is safer for the competitors. A study from doctors at John Staunton 5 Hopkins University School of Medicine found that â€Å"The lower knockout rates in MMA compared to boxing may help prevent brain injury in MMA events† (Miller). They also state that the public is becoming obsessed with the sport itself. Many people want to learn the fighting style of mixed martial arts. A lot of people are joining gyms and clubs to learn how to fight like the people on TV. The events themselves could help the community as well. A source from the Ultimate Fighting Championship states, â€Å"A significant impact on state and local economies by generating tax revenues, creating jobs and boosting tourism industries† (Lee). The worlds of boxing, MMA, kickboxing, and other combat sports can help many people, they do more harm then good. The health risks created by these barbaric sports is too much for one persons body to handle. Medical doctors even suggest that this sport should not be allowed to take place within the community. No matter how many precautions someone takes, there is always going to be a danger associated with the various combat sports. The treatment of injuries is not a way of helping people. In order to keep people safe, you need to prevent the injuries from happening in the first place. The risks outweigh the rewards when it comes to the different combat sports around the world.